Showing posts with label DPL: Catawba. Show all posts
Showing posts with label DPL: Catawba. Show all posts

Pig Outwits Wolf: A Catawba Tale

"Come to my house for apples!" Wolf told Pig.
But when Pig came, Wolf had eaten the apples.
"Come to my house for apples!" Pig told Wolf.
But when Wolf came, there were no apples. "I'll eat you instead!" Wolf snarled. "Boil the water for cooking!"
Pig put water in the pot; soon the water was boiling.
"Wait!" Pig said. "What's that? I hear hunters; I hear their dogs!"
Wolf was scared. "Hide me!" he shouted. 
"Hide in the pot," Pig said, taking the lid off the pot.
Wolf jumped in.
Then Pig put the lid on, and Wolf died.



This is a story told by Susan Harris in the appendix to Catawba Texts.



Bear and Rabbit: A Catawba Tale

Bear invited Rabbit to his house for dinner. "I will cook good food for you!" Bear said.
Rabbit came, and he watched Bear prepare the food. He saw Bear take a sharp awl, and then Bear hit his foot with the awl. Grease came pouring out, and Bear used that grease to make the food.
Then Rabbit invited Bear to his house for dinner. "I know how to cook good food too!" Rabbit said.
When Bear came, Rabbit took a sharp awl and he hit his foot. No grease came out, and Rabbit hurt himself so badly that he died.




This is one of the stories told by Susan Harris in the appendix to Catawba Texts. Here is how the story starts:




Opossum Captured: A Catawba Tale

The animals were angry at Opossum. They were tired of Opossum boasting. They were tired of Opossum playing tricks on them. So, the animals got together and caught Opossum.
Then they debated what to do with him.
"Burn him in the fire!" some of the animals shouted.
Opossum just laughed.
"Let's drown him in the water!" others shouted.
Opossum kept laughing.
"We should shove him into the brambles!" they all shouted.
"Oh no!" shrieked Opossum. "Don't do that!"
So they shoved Opossum into the brambles, and he scurried away. "This is my town!" Opossum sang. "This was always my town!"




This is part of Sally Gordon's long story about Opossum, and it is one of the "Brer Rabbit" stories that circulated among Native American storytellers. For the back-and-forth between Native American storytellers and African American storytellers, see  When Brer Rabbit Meets Coyote: African-Native American Literature by Jonathan Brennan; available at Internet Archive.



Wolf and Opossum: A Catawba Tale

Wolf is always chasing Opossum, and Opossum is always trying to escape.
One time Wolf was chasing Opossum. "I'm going to get you!" he shouted.
Opossum ran as fast as he could up a tall tree that stood next to a pond.
"Where did you go?" snarled Wolf circling the tree.
"I'm right here in the water!" said Opossum. "Look down and you'll see me."
Wolf looked down. He saw Opossum in the water, but when he lunged and grabbed with his teeth, all he got was a mouthful of dirty leaves.
Up in the tree, Opossum laughed and laughed.



This is part of Sally Gordon's long story about Opossum. See also her story about the woman and the deer which also mentions this incident.

Opossum and the Persimmons: A Catawba Tale

Opossum found a persimmon-tree. "All these persimmons are for me," he squealed climbing the tree.
Deer came. "I want persimmons!" Deer shouted.
"They're not quite ripe," Opossum replied. "You must butt the tree to make them fall."
Deer butted the tree.
"Harder!" yelled Opossum.
Deer butted the tree so hard he killed himself.
Next, Opossum planted a sharp stick in the ground and then went back up the tree.
Wolf came. "I want persimmons!" Wolf shouted.
"Here's a low-hanging branch," Opossum replied. "Jump up!"
Wolf jumped and fell on the stick. He died.
Opossum ate all the persimmons by himself!



This story from Sally Gordon blends lots of different bits of trickster-opossum lore into one long story. You can see the whole story in Catawba Texts


See also an even longer version by Susan Harris in an appendix to the book: Opossum Outwits Deer and Wolf.


Going for the Doctor: A Catawba Tale

A person was sick. 
"Go get Doctor Toad," the people said to Bullfrog and Turtle; Toad was a medicine-man.
Bullfrog hopped fast and he returned with Doctor Toad before Turtle was even halfway there.
Next time a person was sick, they sent Snail. Snail was so slow he didn't even get beyond the doorstep. Snail was ashamed; that's why he stays in his shell.
Next time, they sent Bullfrog and Turtle, but Bullfrog was lazy. He didn't go.
Turtle came back with Doctor Toad, and Bullfrog was so ashamed he jumped into the pond: ker-plunk! That's where he lives now.


This story comes from Sam Brown, son of Margaret Brown, as reported in Catawba Texts. The story doesn't explain how terrapin managed to beat bullfrog, so I said that bullfrog was being lazy. Compare also the story told by Susan Harris about rabbit and snail going for the doctor.

Rabbit Steals Fire: A Catawba Tale

The Buzzards kept the fire for themselves; they wouldn't share. The animals were all cold. The people were all cold.
Rabbit came to the Buzzards sitting around the fire. 
"I'm so cold!" Rabbit said. "Let me come near the fire."
"No!" squawked the Buzzards.
"Please," Rabbit begged; "just let me warm my feet."
One Buzzard felt sorry for Rabbit and let him put his feet near the fire. 
Rabbit was ready: he had put twigs between his toes; the twigs caught fire! 
Then Rabbit RAN. 
Fire spread everywhere.
Now the people have fire and can stay warm, thanks to Rabbit.






This is a story told by Margaret Brown; you can see the complete story here: Catawba Texts.


Sally Gordon, Margaret Brown's daughter, also told this story in a shorter form; see version b.


Opossum: A Catawba Tale

Opossum was very proud of his tail. "I alone have a big bushy tail!" he said. "Squirrel's tail is nice, but mine is bigger! Mine is bushier!"
Then Opossum went to sleep inside his hole.
He left his tail sticking outside.
Snail ate all the hair on his tail!
When Opossum came out, he turned around to admire his tail... but his tail hair was all gone.
Opossum was so ashamed he hid for a year inside his hole. Even now when he comes out, he hangs his head in shame.
That is how Opossum got the name Depetustre: Ancient-One-No-Tail.



This is a story told by Margaret Brown as recorded in Catawba Texts:





The Kidnapped Child: A Catawba Tale

A bad woman stole another woman's child.
The mother searched until she found her child; he hid her in a hollow log. "Wait here," he said.
Then he killed a deer but sliced the tie-string; when the bad woman lifted the deer, the strap broke. 
Then she saw smoke: they had set her house on fire! 
The boy and his mother rose up, up, up.
The bad woman grabbed hold to rise up, but she fell down; she is Ugni the comet. 
Mother and son live in the sky now; she is the sun and her son is the cloud.



This is a Catawba tale told by Sally Gordon; you can see the whole Catawba version in Catawba Tales; it is one of the longest stories in the collection:


I left out the part where a woodpecker helps the mother to find her son, but see another version of the woodpecker story here: The Woodpecker. There are lots of other details I did not include here, but you can see the full story online. For additional commentary, see p. 22 of Being Catawba: The World of Sally New Rvier, 1746-1840 by Brooke Michele Bauer; dissertation online.


The Dog and His People: A Catawba Tale

The Tuscarora came and killed the people, all the people. Their dog hid in the creek bottom, weeping for the people. 
Then he found a survivor, a little boy. He brought cornbread to the boy. The dog raised the boy, living on the mountainside. 
Later the dog came to a house. He cried and cried. 
"Why are you crying?" the people asked.
"The Tuscarora killed my people," said the dog. 
"How do you know?" they asked.
"I know, I saw," said the dog. "Go the mountainside and you'll find him."
So the people went and they brought the boy home.



This is another story told by Margaret Brown in Catawba Texts; click here for more Catawba stories. You can find out more about the Tuscarora people at Wikipedia. Here is how the story begins; you can find the complete Catawba text here.







The Little People: A Catawba Tale

The Little People live in the woods, underground. You can hear them; they cry like children.
They eat acorns and mushrooms, tadpoles and mud-turtles.
Sometimes they steal children.
They'll tie you by your hair to a tree; they make braids in horse's tails.
Long ago they stole my brother and put him on a tree-stump in the pond. They sucked the blood out of his arm. They taught him medicine, but he nearly died.
Me? I rub tobacco juice on my head. "Leave me be," I say to them. "I am alone here, I am old." They don't bother me.


This is another story told by Margaret Brown in Catawba Texts; she uses the word yehasuri for these little people; click here for more Catawba stories


You can find out more about "little people" traditions among different Native American traditions in this book by John Bierhorst, available for check-out at Internet Archive: The Deetkatoo: Native American Stories about Little People.





The Women Who Hid: A Catawba Tale

This happened a long time ago.
Bad men were coming who wanted to kill the women.
But the women had the power to change themselves.
One woman changed herself into a blacksnake.
Another woman changed herself into a lizard.
Another woman changed herself into a cricket.
The bad men came. "Where are the women?" they shouted. "Where did the women go?"
But the women were hiding. The men could not find them.
Blacksnake. Lizard. Cricket.
"Where are the women?" the men kept shouting, and then they went away.
The next day, the women became themselves again. 
The women came home.


This is another one of the stories in Catawba Texts told by Margaret Brown. Here is the story as recorded in the book, and a link to more Catawba stories here.







The Witch: A Catawba Tale

There were two old women, sisters.
One of the two sisters was a witch. "I'm going now, sister!" she would say, and then the witch would turn herself into a hoot owl and fly up the chimney out into the night, perching in a tree near their house.
Inside, her sister could hear the owl hooting in the darkness, and she hooted back, making the sound of a hoot owl: hi-khi-kh-hoo-hoo hi-khi-kh-hoo-hoo.
The witch became an owl to steal chickens. 
That was how the sisters lived: the witch hunted in the night and brought home chickens for them to eat.


I never would have noticed, but the photographer points out that the owl has just fed; you can see a tiny drop of blood on the beak:




This is another one of the stories told by Mrs. Margaret Brown, a Catawba woman who was born around 1835; she died in 1922. I really appreciate the emphasis on the sisters supporting each other, and the practicality of what the witch did: she became an owl so that they could have food to eat.

You can see the other stories I've retold by Mrs. Brown and by her daughter Sally Gordon whose tales are transcribed and translated in Frank Speck's Catawba Texts. Here is the text of this story:


This is a recording of the call of a female hoot owl; in my story I added in the hoo-hoo part in addition to the screech sound used by the storyteller:

The Flood: A Catawba Tale

Long ago, rains came.
The river rose, and the flood washed away all the people.
Almost all the people.
A few people found an island; they climbed up trees on the island and waited a long time in the trees.
"Go, Dove!" they said. "Bring something back!"
The dove brought back a leaf; the people in the trees knew water still covered the land.
The next time the dove brought back corn in its mouth.
The people knew they would find dry land, so they came down from the trees, swam through the water, and reached dry land at last.





This is another story told by Mrs. Margaret Brown, a Catawba woman who was born around 1835; she died in 1922. You can see the Biblical story of Noah and the flood here, but there is no ark, and the dove brings back corn as the sign of hope! You can see the Catawba text in Speck's book; the text is very short, so I was able to develop more of a sense of step-by-step in the plot. 



Hawk and Buzzard: A Catawba Tale

This is a Catawba story told by Mrs. Sally Gordon, daughter of Margaret Brown, born around 1865, told this story; you can see the Catawba text here (and here's a story told by Margaret Brown: Snapping Turtle and Rabbit):



Hawk and Buzzard
Hawk got his food by taking what he wanted.
One day he asked Buzzard, "How do you get your food?"
"I wait for God to take care of me," Buzzard replied. "I know God will provide."
"You're going to get mighty hungry that way," said Hawk, "waiting on God like that. You should do what I do. Watch!"
Then Hawk swooped down, thinking to snatch a farmer's chicken, but the farmer shot Hawk and killed him.
Buzzard swooped down and feasted on Hawk. "I knew God would provide," he said. "If you wait on God, you'll have the better part."

This is a very well known African American folktale. You might know it from Zora Neale Hurston's Of Mules and Men, where it's told by Jim Allen: "You know de hawk and de buzzard was settin' up in a pine tree..." (text online). Its first appearance in print (to my knowledge) is in Joel Chandler Harris's book Nights with Uncle Remus, published in 1883: Brer Hawk and Brer Buzzard. Here's another African American version that includes Rabbit too! The second oldest recorded version I know is the Gullah version in Jones, published in 1888: Buh Fowl-Hawk and Buh Turkey Buzzard.

This is the first time I've seen it in a Native American source. It's always been one of my favorite African American stories, and now I know it's a story that was shared back-and-forth with Native American storytellers in the southeast.


(turkey vulture)

Rabbit Steals Water: A Catawba Tale

Snapping Turtle took all the water. He sat in his seat atop the spring, keeping the water for himself.
Rabbit came and said, "I need some water."
"You can't have any water!" shouted Snapping Turtle.
"But I'm very thirsty!" pleaded Rabbit.
"No!" shouted Snapping Turtle.
"I'd be so grateful!" Rabbit begged.
"Didn't you hear me?" shouted Snapping Turtle. "No!"
Rabbit kept asking, and Snapping Turtle kept saying "No! No!"
All the while, Rabbit scratched and scratched the ground, making a ditch under Snapping Turtle's seat until the water came flowing out.
That's why water flows everywhere today: thanks to Rabbit.

This is a story from the Catawba people; you can see the original Catawba text here in Catawba Texts, published by Frank Speck (more about Speck's work with Catawba storytellers). Here's how the story opens:


This story was told by Mrs. Margaret Brown, a Catawba woman who was born around 1835; she died in 1922. There is a fascinating back-and-forth between the Native peoples of the southeast and the African American storytellers: both rabbit (hare) and turtle (tortoise) are important characters in Native American stories and in African American stories too; I really like how, in this story, rabbit is able to fool the turtle: when rabbit and turtle face off in a folktale, you can never be sure who will come out on top!


The Woodpecker: Two Catawba Tales

I'm going to be using this blog to post stories this week for the DPL microfiction workshop; you can find out more about that here: DPL Storytelling. I'm really excited and honored to be participating in DPL this year, and for me it is going to be a wonderful opportunity to explore some storytelling topics and paths to see what kinds of new projects I might pick up this year (as if I didn't have enough projects going already, ha ha...).

The most important path for me this week is learning more about the stories of North Carolina, as part of my acknowledgment that I live as a settler on the stolen lands of the Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Confederation, the Catawba Indian Nation, and other peoples of the Carolinas who lived here long before the arrival of the Europeans and the African peoples whom the Europeans enslaved.

One of the most important sources for the history of the stories and language of the Catawba people is a book of Catawba stories, written out in Catawba (using Roman letters) with translations provided by Frank Speck, an anthropologist whose work with the Catawba and other native peoples was inspired by the efforts of Franz Boas. You can find these Catawba stories online here: Catawba Texts. The book contains stories, along with accounts of folk beliefs and also songs. Speck began his work with the Catawba people in 1913 thanks to Susan Harris, a Catawba woman who married Samson Owl, a Cherokee man, and had moved with him to western North Carolina; Mrs. Owl was born around 1850 at Sugaree River on the Catawba River in South Carolina. Speck later came into contact with Mrs. Margaret Brown, who was his most important informant; she was born sometime around 1835 and died in 1922; she learned many stories from her father who, she said, was an old man when he died around 1845. Mrs. Brown's daughter, Mrs. Sally Gordon (born around 1865), was also an important source. Speck's interests were purely linguistic and he took a dismissive attitude towards the actual contents of the traditions that these Catawba women passed on, an opinion that tells us more about Mr. Speck that it does about these Catawba traditions.

I'll start this week with two stories that feature the red-capped woodpecker as a character:

Eagle and Woodpecker

A woman once went to dig potatoes; while she was gone, an eagle stole her child. "My child! My child!" the woman sobbed, but her child was gone. 
The eagle raised the boy. 
Later, a woodpecker saw the boy washing in the creek and flew to where the woman was. 
"What are you looking at?" the woman said.
"I like your earrings!" said the woodpecker. "Give me your earrings, and I will show you where your son is."
"I do so gladly!" she said, giving her earrings to the woodpecker.
Then, thanks to the woodpecker, mother and son were reunited. 

This is story 1b: The Eagle Kidnapper. You can see the Catawba text and the literal English translation online at Hathi Trust. There is also a much longer version of the story in which a poor woman steals the boy; the woodpecker reunites them and the mother and child rise up in the air to escape, where the boy became a cloud. "My boy, my good son, is a cloud!" the mother says at the end of that story.

Here is another story with the woodpecker:

Red Crest, Red Breast

Long ago, the woodpecker had black and white feathers on his body, and he had a black and white head. He did not have a crest.
But then there was a girl who wore a red ribbon on her head. She gave that red ribbon to the woodpecker; the little girl helped him to tie the red ribbon on his head.
That is why woodpeckers today have red crests.
The robin lived a tree that burned in a fire. The robin got burned too, and the fire gave him a red breast.
That is why robins today have red breasts.

Here is the Catawba text for that story: 3. Woodpecker and Robin.


I really like how both of these stories focus on women as the human characters, perhaps a result of the fact that the storytellers who shared their stories with Speck were all women.

Here is a picture of the woodpecker with his red crest: